The automobile industry has evolved to be among the most valuable, both commercially and in respect of innovation and technology. Additional technological features are being introduced to autos in an attempt to improve passenger & vehicle safety.
Additionally, there are still more vehicles on the roads, allowing us to travel quickly and comfortably. However, as a consequence, urban air pollutants have risen. Nearly 25% of all CO2 emissions are attributed to the transportation industry, with road transport producing more than 60% of those emissions.
Governments of the majority of industrial nations are promoting the use of electric vehicles to Avoid letting CO2 and other ghgs. More particular, they encourage efficient and environmentally friendly mobility through a variety of programs, financial assistance, or other unique approaches, like free access to public parking or highways.
Electric Vehicle Classification
According to the architecture of their engines, many types of EVs are already available. They are often divided into 5 categories.
- Battery EVs
- Hybrid Electric EVs
- Plug in Hybrid EVs
- Extended-range EVs
- Fuel Cell EVs
Advantages
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Electric Vehicle’s advantages |
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1. |
Zero emissions |
Electric automobiles don’t release pollutant, nitrogen dioxide or carbon dioxide from their exhausts. |
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2. |
Simplicity |
Because there are fewer components, maintenance is substantially less expensive. The engines are more simplistic and lightweight. |
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3. |
Cost |
Compared to the service and gasoline expenditures of conventional internal combustion automobiles, the expense of the automobile and the electricity needed are substantially lower. |
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4. |
Reliability |
These vehicles fail lesser commonly because they have smaller, simpler parts. |
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5. |
Comfort |
Because there are no shocks or engine sound, driving an EV is more relaxing. |
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6. |
Efficiency |
Compared to conventional automobiles, EVs are more economical. |
Electric Vehicle Battery Technology
Since battery drive the propulsion system of EVs, the advancement of battery technology has a significant impact on the EV sector. With the advancement of battery tech, the market for batteries has seen an increase in the variety of electric batteries available. Currently, the following types of battery packs are in use.
- Lithium-ion Batteries
- Sodium nickel chloride batteries
- Sodium beta batteries
- Fuel cells
- Ultra capacitors
- Zinc-bromine batteries
- Nickel-Metal Hydride Batteries
- Metal air batteries
- Sodium sulfur batteries
- Lead-Acid Batteries
Characteristics of the Batteries
The following are some of the primary properties of batteries
- Energy Density
- Charge state
- Specific energy
- Charge cycles
- Specific power
- Lifespan
- Internal resistance
- Efficacy
- Capacity
Charging Technology
In electric vertical, charging technology is crucial. The EV sector depends on the successful introduction of fast charging technology. With the growth of charging stations & the quick development of charging technologies, charging is becoming easier and more efficient EVs require various equipment and facilities for charging depending on the charging techniques. Vehicle battery charging is classified into three types:
- Conductive charging
- inductive charging
- battery swapping
1. Conductive Charging
This method enables direct physical interaction between the charger and the electric car. It is made up of power factor correction, direct current / alternating current & direct current / direct current converters. Power is transferred unmediated from the power source to the battery with the charger.
Charging is the process of delivering electric current from the power supply to the battery pack. Due to the fact that EV batteries packs can only be charged using direct current, a charger is required to transform the alternating current from the electric station into direct current.
2. Inductive Charging
They are commonly known as wireless charging, provides a more adaptable & simple charging technique that has garnered considerable interest. The wireless link, which replaces a direct power cable, effectively gets rid of igniting, which may be brought on by plugging & unplugging, and expands the availability of EVs in some places, such airports & gas stations. Additionally, inductive charging might enable to use dynamic charging, commonly known as charging while moving.
3. Battery Swapping
One of the fastest and simplest ways to charge a device is without a question battery switching. EV users can easily replace out their worn-out battery pack for a new one at a battery replacement facility.
A distribution transformer, battery chargers, control systems, alternating current/direct current converters, charging racks, maintenance systems, robotic arms, and other tools are the major components of a battery changing station.
Electric Motors
In EVs, the propeller is centered on the electric motor, which transforms the battery pack electrical power into mechanical energy power to drive the cars. EVs have utilized a variety of electric motor kinds with various designs & technological advancements.
These include permanent magnet motors, switching reluctance motors, and induction motors. The permanent magnet type is the most designed to satisfy automobile requirements.
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Induction Motor
An Induction Motor is a viable option for EV industrial applications to their dependability, durability, need for very little repair, mature technology, & cheap cost. The major drawback of Induction Motor is their poor performance under modest loads.
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Permanent Magnet Brushless DC Motor
This brushless DC Motor are frequently utilized in EVs due to their excellent efficiency and energy density. On its rotor, premium rare earth permanent magnet components including neodymium-iron-boron & samarium cobalt have been utilized.
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Switched Reluctance Motor
Due to their superior achievement, reliability, straightforward design, relatively inexpensive & fault tolerant as well as the fact that they never use rare-earth materials, switched reluctance motors don’t really suffer from the drawbacks of ecological harm and the large price associated with resource extraction & refining of resources.
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Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor
Due to its high power density, highly efficient, and straightforward design, the Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor is favored over alternative motors for propulsion systems. Permanent magnet synchronous is classified as follows.
- Interior permanent magnet synchronous motor
- Surface mounted permanent magnet synchronous motor
Future EV Development Using Emerging Technologies
In past few years, EV technology have advanced at a breakneck pace. EVs should provide more benefits than just reducing emissions. Advanced transportation & real-time communication technologies, including vehicle-to-infrastructure vehicle-to-vehicle, vehicle-to-pedestrian and vehicle-to-grid can improve traffic safety & effectiveness.
Lithium-ion battery pack is currently the most commonly utilized battery pack in Vehicles however, even if they are truly sustainable is controversial. A lithium-ion battery’s current cathode material includes cobalt or nickel, which are both costly and extremely poisonous.
The vast manufacturing of lithium battery pack for electric vehicles will result in development of enormous amounts of toxic wastes. The technological and financial potential of large-scale manufacture should be considered in future battery technology research.
Cite this Article
| Author: | Scholars Harbor |
| Year: | 2022 |
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Title |
All about Electric Vehicle? – Batteries, Motors, Types & Technology Explained |
| Publisher: | Scholars Harbor |
| URL: | https://scholarsharbor.com/all-about-electric-vehicle-batteries-motors-types-technology-explained/ |
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